Which type of embolic material can lead to a quick inflammatory response post-procedure?

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a type of embolic material that is known to stimulate a rapid inflammatory response post-procedure. This material is often used in interventional radiology for embolization procedures to occlude blood vessels. Once introduced into the vascular system, PVA particles can provoke an inflammatory reaction due to their foreign nature and the fact that they may be recognized by the body as an irritant. This leads to a localized immune response, which can result in increased vascular permeability and the invasion of inflammatory cells, contributing to the body’s attempt to isolate and remove the foreign material.

In contrast, Gelfoam is a gelatin sponge used for temporary embolization that does not typically elicit a strong inflammatory response because it is slowly absorbed by the body and tends to be biocompatible. Autologous clot, made from the patient’s own blood, generally evokes minimal inflammatory responses since the body recognizes it as familiar tissue. Steel coils, while effective for permanent occlusion, also do not usually cause a quick inflammatory response; instead, they promote a gradual healing process through tissue integration. Thus, among these materials, polyvinyl alcohol is distinguished for its ability to provoke a quick inflammatory response due to its nature and the body's