Which type of catheter is commonly used for long-term access to the venous system?

A PICC line, or Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter, is commonly used for long-term access to the venous system due to several key characteristics. This type of catheter is designed to be inserted into a peripheral vein, typically in the arm, and extends into the central venous system. This allows for administration of medications, fluids, and nutrition over extended periods, making it ideal for patients requiring long-term treatment such as chemotherapy, antibiotic therapy, or nutritional support.

PICC lines are advantageous because they can remain in place for weeks to months, reducing the need for frequent needle sticks and allowing for more consistent vascular access. The construction of a PICC line also minimizes the risk of infection and complications associated with more invasive central catheters, while still allowing for high-flow rates and the ability to draw blood samples.

In contrast, a peripheral intravenous catheter is typically suitable for short-term access, while centrally placed catheters, though used for long-term access, may not always be preferable for outpatient settings due to their invasive nature. Arterial lines are primarily used for arterial access for monitoring blood pressure or obtaining arterial blood gases, rather than for long-term venous access.